Gcse crude oil revise the compounds extracted from it. How does fractional distillation of crude oil work. Use the diagram to help you to explain how crude oil is separated into fractions. Cracking is used to convert long alkanes into shorter, more. The temperature decreases the further up the column you go. Fractional distillation involves the higher boiled fractions collect near the bottom of the column while the lower boiling temps rise to the top of the fraction tray.
Gcse chemistry what are the names of the fractions of. Then the heavier residue settles to the bottom where it is used for tar and asphalt. The fractional distillation of crude oil resource rsc. Revision notes on the fractional distillation of crude oil, uses of oil fractions related to size of molecule and intermolecular bonding forces, help when revising for aqa gcse 91 chemistry, edexcel gcse 91 chemistry, ocr gcse 91 gateway science, ocr gcse 91 21st century science gcse 91 chemistry practice examination questions. Hydrocarbons rise up tower until they reach their condensation point when cool enough. Liquids boil liquidgas at their boiling point and start to condense gasliquid back to liquid just below this temperature.
To better understand fractional distillation of crude oil, lets first examine a simple distillation process. Crude oil is used to produce many useful materials. Their uses, boiling points and the number of carbon atoms. These videos are designed to help you with your gcse.
Crude oil can be converted into many useful things. It is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, containing mainly alkanes. Crude oil is the untouched oil as it comes out of the ground. Fractional distillation is used in oil refineries figure 5. Crude oils vary in color, from clear to tarblack, and in viscosity, from water to almost solid. This is a quiz called chemistry gcse 5 fractional distillation and crude oil and was created by member mrs lusty. These revision notes should prove useful for the aqa gcse chemistry, edexcel. Before watching this video you should watch our video explaining how crude oil is separated into its. Fractional distillation of crude oil free download as word doc. Fractional distillation flashcards in igcse chemistry. How does fractional distillation use heat to perform its purpose. A petrol, diesel oil, kerosene, heavy fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gases lighter fuel, bitumen 3 marks q10. Jul 28, 2014 to better understand fractional distillation of crude oil, lets first examine a simple distillation process. Describe how crude oil is separated by fractional distillation.
Key words crude oil compound mixture distillation hydrocarbons saturated alkanes covalent bond evaporating condense fractional distillation fractionating column particulates combustion soot biofuels 3. Free support resources for chemistry for you 5th edition. Gcse science chemistry 91 fractional distillation of crude oil. This pack contains a pdf afl workbook focusing on the fuels and earth science topic including. You should use the words evaporated and condensed in your answer. It is formed from the remains of plants and animals which died millions of years ago. In this video, we look at how the hydrocarbons in crude oil are separated by fractional distillation. Play this quiz called chemistry gcse 5 fractional distillation and crude oil and show off your skills. Fractional distillation of crude oil teaching resources. Gcse chemistry what is the fractional distillation of. Petrol and other fuels are produced from it using fractional distillation and cracking. What method could we use to separate crude oil and why. The crude oil is evaporated and its vapours condense at different temperatures in the fractionating column.
The pressure on the oil may build up so much that when a hole is drilled through the rock cap, oil gushes out. Crude oil, alkanes and fractional distillation gcse. In a fractional distillation chamber, the crude oil is heated and cooled to different temperatures. The carbon atoms in these molecules are joined together in chains and rings. I know very little about chemistry and just randomly picked numbers here. May 15, 2014 these lesson plans and worksheets are for aqac14 crude oil and fuels. The hydrocarbons in crude oil are separated using fractional distillation due to their different boiling points.
I was wondering whether distillation of crude oil always yields the same ratios of fuel or if that ratio can be influenced. Crude oil is a mixture of a very large number of compounds. It is a full lesson including starter, consolidation activities including a card sort, well laid out presentation to guide through the lesson and. Designed by expert teachers for the edexcel gcse 91 chemistry syllabus. Tarsia puzzle on crude oil including fractional distillation, uses of fractions, cracking etc 30 diagrams keywords to match up 24 cards per set. Chemical bonding, application of chemical reactions and organic chemistry. Products from crude oil crude oil is described as a fossil fuel but it is much more important than that as many plastics have crude oil as a raw material. This cloze text activity can be used as an independent learning tool to help students summarise the processes of simple distillation of sea water and fractional distillation of a mixture of ethanol and water. Gcse chemistry products from oil medium demand questions questionsheet 14 some of the products of the distillation of crude oil are used as fuels.
It is designed to be used with my gcse chemistry lesson on separation methods, which is. A fraction of crude oil is a mixture of chemicals in the crude oil that have similar boiling points. Fractional distillation of crude oil refining uses of. Uses of fractional distillation fractional distillation is used for both oil refining and purification of reagents and products. Fractional distillation of crude oil the student room. The chemistry of oil california state university, northridge.
These videos are designed to help you with your gcse science revision. A simple statement ordering task to describe the formation of crude. Nov 01, 2017 the crude oil then goes to a fractionating column. As the gases go up the column the temperature decreases. Deliberate thought by kevin macleod is licensed under a creative commons attribution licence. Fractional distillation of crude oil crude oil is a mixture of many thousands of different compounds with different properties. Most of the compounds in crude oil consist of molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only, we call these type of compounds hydrocarbons. Most of the crude oil is vaporised turned into a gas. The distillation process of crude oil is the main concern of this paper. Fractional distillation of crude oil gcse secondary. D 1 this is how the distillation process in the fractionator works. The teacher will be able to quickly assess students understanding of fractional distillation of crude oil by carrying our mini afl tasks either on mini white boards or in students books. Gcse chemistry what is the fractional distillation of crude. F the condensed liquid flows out of the fractionator through a pipe from the tray.
Nov, 2017 in this video, we look at how the hydrocarbons in crude oil are separated by fractional distillation. Learn chemistry crude oil with free interactive flashcards. Complete the general formula for the compounds found in crude oil. In this video, we look at how the hydrocarbons in crude oil are.
Fractional distillation of crude oil refining uses of fractions, methane. Fractional distillation gcse chemistry will we continue to learn about organic chemistry after crude oil has finished. This video explains how crude oil is separated into different fractions using fractional distillation. Fractional distillation lesson, need to order demo equipment as well for fractional distillation of crude oil substitute starter. What can be separated into different fractions by fractional distillation. G highpressure steam is used to heat the crude oil to a high temperature. Gcse science chemistry 91 fractional distillation of. In the fractional distillation of crude oil, where is the hottest part of the fractionating column. The industrial process of fractional distillation separates crude oil into fractions, some of these fractions can be used for fuels and plastics. To find out the products formed when hydrocarbons burn, the apparatus below is used.
When preparing to perform a vacuum distillation, use a pressuretemperature nomograph to determine what the adjusted boiling point of your compound will be the vacuum will quickly remove air from porous boiling chips, so a magnetic stir bar or gas bubbler is required in flask 1 to keep the rate of boiling under control. Written by teachers for the edexcel igcse chemistry course. This experiment simulates the industrial fractional distillation of crude oil in the laboratory. Resources chemistry gcse aqa unit 8 crude oil and fuels. Crude oil and hydrocarbons crude oil, hydrocarbons and. Crude oil cannot be used directly but it is the source of many useful products. Hydrocarbons from oil a2levellevelrevision, chemistry. This is the fourth of six quizzes on that topic and it looks specifically at some of the many different uses of crude oil, other than as a source of fuel. Chemistry other uses of crude oil aqa education quizzes. The larger the hydrocarbon molecule the longer its carbonchain length, the higher its boiling point. Dec 27, 2017 a double lesson series of lessons looking at how crude oil is formed, fractional distillation of crude oil and how to draw interpret the formula of alkanes. Crude oil petroleum is composed of mostly hydrocarbons alkanes and aromatics, and is a tremendous mixture of compounds consisting of between 5 and 40 carbon atoms. Fractional distillation organic chemistry, organic.
Uses of fractional distillation chemistry libretexts. The first step is the crude oil is heated until it boils. Each topic is designed for teaching over roughly 12 lessons. Cracking is used to convert long alkanes into shorter, more useful hydrocarbons. In the unit introduction to crude oil, we saw how we can find sources of crude oil. Targeted towards aqa c1 topic 4 but suitable for edexcel and other exam boards too. Crude oil is heated until it boils and then the hydrocarbon gases are entered into the bottom of the fractionating column. When crude oil reaches the refinery it is a thick black, smelly liquid. Chemistry gcse 5 fractional distillation and crude oil. The first stages in the processing of crude oil are described below. The crude oil is heated to 450 0 c and then pumped into the bottom of a fractionating column. Fractional distillation of crude oil cracking chemistry petroleum. What is the fractional distillation of crude oil the fractional distillation of crude oil is shown in the picture below crude oil is heated until it boils and then the hydrocarbon gases are entered into the bottom of the fractionating column. Can someone explain fractional distillation of crude oil please why is crude oil considered a fossil fuel when it isnt used as a.
Students will be able to take rich notes on fractional distillation of crude oil, building on their ks4 knowledge on this topic. The very longest alkanes have the strongest intermolecular forces and so dont boil, but exit the column at the bottom. Fractional distillation of crude oil poster a3 fractional. This practical chemistry resource was developed by the nuffield foundation. Nov 23, 2015 in this gcse organic chemistry revision video, hazel discusses fractional distillation and provides a background into crude oil. This lesson was originally designed for the aqa gcse 91 chemistry specification but is easily transferable to other specifications including ks3 as a challenge lesson and ks5 as a recap lesson.
In this gcse organic chemistry revision video, hazel discusses fractional distillation and provides a background into crude oil. As schools are unlikely to have sufficient kit or the desire for under16s to handle quickfit glassware, demonstrate distillation using a liebig condenser instead pdf. Compared to the old design horizontal type fractional distillation of crude oil machine, our new design fractional distillation of crude oil machine adopts vertical design with conduction oil heating method. Fractional distillation separates a mixture into a number of different parts, called fractions. Hot crude oil over 300 o c is pumped in at the bottom. Fractional distillation flashcards in gcse chemistry. The many hydrocarbons in crude oil may be separated into fractions, each of which contains molecules with a similar number of carbon atoms, by fractional distillation. Therefore, distillation is a feasible separation technique.
Useful products from crude oil crude oil is a fossil fuel, formed from the decay of sea creatures over millions of years. The hydrocarbons rise up the tower hot at bottom, cool at top. This is done by a process called fractional distillation. In this unit we will see what happens to the oil in the first process at the refinery. Give three examples of fuels which are produced from crude oil that are used in our society.
The fractional distillation of crude oil resource rsc education. The many hydrocarbons in crude oil may be separated into fractions, each of which contains molecules of a similar size, by evaporating the oil and allowing it to condense at a number of different temperatures. Chemistry other uses of crude oil aqa one of the major topics in gcse science is crude oil and other sources of fuel. Gcse chemistry what are the names of the fractions of crude. Crude oil contains a mixture of different hydrocarbon compounds that boil at different temperatures. Separating crude oil gcse chemistry single science revision. Fractional distillation, also referred to as fractionation, can be thought of as multiple separate distillations occurring within a single system. H the crude oil vapour enters the fractionator and rises up the column.
Quiz on alkanes reminder of changes of state worksheet both higher and foundation label distillation equipment why must we separate crude oil. Crude oil is a major topic in gcse chemistry and students will spend a good deal of time looking at it in year 10 and year 11. Fractional distillation of crude oil animated science. At the refinery these are separated into fractions which are more useful. The many hydrocarbons in crude oil may be separated into fractions, each of which contains molecules of a similar size, by evaporating the oil and allowing it to condense at a number of different temperatures this process is called fractional distillation this video explains how fractional distillation works. Production of refinery gas, light gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, gas oil and residue fractions. Home gcse study tools chemistry chemistry crude oil chemistry crude oil covers crude oil, fractional distillation, alkanes, alkenes, densiry, monomer, polymers and nanotechnology. Fractional distillation organic chemistry gcse chemistry. Also included is a revision lesson and end of unit test.
Choose from 500 different sets of chemistry crude oil flashcards on quizlet. Perfect for science students who want to focus on the aspects of chemistry that go beyond what is covered in material that deals with organic chemistry quizzer laminated study guide barcharts publishing inc makers of quickstudy this study guide contains basic chemistry analysis and concepts designed specifically to aid science students. Learn the basics about the uses of crude oil fractions. Fractional distillation of synthetic crude oil with a fractionating column could also be shown as part of a general discussion about different methods for achieving similar. The shorter chain hydrocarbons will boil at a lower temperature than the longer chain hydrocarbons, allowing the crude oil to be separated into fractions depending on the temperature inside the chamber. Fractional distillation an overview sciencedirect topics. What is the name given to the molecules that are found in crude oil. Summary video on crude oil, alkanes and fractional distillation for gcse chemistry. The fractional distillation of crude oil is shown in the picture below. Compounds that contain only elements of carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons and constitute the largest group of organic compounds found in petroleum. Here, we reported the ideas of different processes of distillations and their steps.
Large amounts of oil and gas may collect in a porous rock. Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons hydrocarbons are compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon atoms only. Crude oil is a finite resource because it forms extremely slowly over millions of years and cannot quickly be replaced. Crude oil continues to play a crucial role in our lives, and this unit illustrates some of the key properties and uses of its highly important and essentialtolife components.
Fractional distillation of crude oil refining uses of fractions, methane, fuel gas, lpg, gasoline, petrol, diesel oil, gas oil, naphtha, paraffin, kerosine, bitumen, lubricating oil, waxes gcse chemistry revision notes igcse revising ks4 science 2015. New aqa 2016 gcse chemistry organic lesson 2 combined. Deliberate thought by kevin macleod is licensed under a. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. E most of the fractions in the crude oil evaporate. Fractional distillation in the lab the principle of fractional distillation can be demonstrated in the laboratory. Once the crude oil has been extracted from the ground, it is transported to an oil refinery by pipeline or by giant oil tankers. Hydrocarbons and fractional distillation flashcards in. The fractions are separated by boiling point through a process called fractional distillation. Pdf distillation process of crude oil researchgate. Each fraction contains hydrocarbon molecules with a similar number of carbon atoms and a similar range of boiling points. Combustion products may cause environmental and health problems.
Fractional distillation flashcards in gcse science. The fractional distillation of oil and the uses of the fractions. Fractional distillation separates a mixture into a number of different parts, called fractions a tall fractionating column is fitted above the mixture, with. In the ball and stick models of simple hydrocarbons below, carbon atoms are black and hydrogen atoms are white. In order to make it useful for a wide range of purposes, it undergoes fractional distillation where the different lengths of alkanes are separated. Fractional distillation of crude oil fractional distillation gcse. This video explains how fractional distillation works. A fractionating column is a column that is divided into groups by steel trays. Separating crude oil crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes. Petrol and other fuels are produced from it using fractional distillation. Learn about the process of oil distillation in order to create fuels and plastics with bbc bitesize gcse chemistry. Fractional distillation of crude oil oil and cracking. Its a natural resource used extensively by humans but, before we can use them, we must extract compounds like alkanes from it. Includes lessons on, crude oil, fractional distillation, burning fuels, cleaner fuels, alternative fuels, biodiesel and hydrogen fuel.
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